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Aft - Direction towards the stern.
Anchor - A heavy iron object with flukes, lowered by a line to the bottom of a body of water to prevent a vessel from drifting.
Avast - Yelled as a signal for everyone onboard to stop what they are doing immediately and freeze. Used only if something is wrong.
Backstay - Mast support leading aft to deck or to another mast.
Belay - To make fast or secure a line to a cleat or pin.
Bitt - Any of the strong deck posts (usually in pairs) around which ropes and cables are wound and held fast; Usually used for mooring.
Bitter End - The working end of a line.
Block - To increase the mechanical power of the ropes used in hauling heavy loads. Parts of the Block: Shell, sheave, and pin.
Bobstay - Line from stem to cutwater securing bowsprit.
Bolt Rope - To which material is sewn going around the edges of the sail to create the Leech.
Bonnet - Pieces of sail added to the foot of the main sail on the Santa Maria to create more sail area.
Boomkin - Spar projecting from the stern of the ship to run the mizzen sheet.
Bow - Forward part of the ship.
Bowline - Lines leading fore from the upper sides of the square sail to help widen the sail surface to better catch the wind.
Bowsprit - Spar extending from the bow to secure headstays and running the bowlines.
Brace - A line passed through a block at the end of a yard, used to swing the yard about from the deck.
Brail - Lines used to clew up the main sail and to assist in furling.
Breast - Mooring line leading at a right angle to the ship's centerline.
Cap rail - The upper edge of the side of a ship or boat.
Capstan - Mechanical device for heavy hoisting or heaving objects like the anchor, dinghy or cargo.
Cleat - A wooden fitting with projecting ends attached to the deck of a ship for the purpose of securing a rope.
Clew - Lower corner of a sail marked by a loop of leather covered rope.
Clew Garnet - Ropes connecting the clews of the sail with the yard used in raising, lowering and furling of the sail
Counter Lift - Lines connecting the main deck with the yard arms to act against the lifts.
Deadeye - A round flat block of wood with three holes in it for lanyards used in pairs to hold the shrouds and stays taut.
Deck - Planked floor of the ship.
Dinghy - The small boat on deck.
Douse - To lower or slacken suddenly.
Drabbler - Pieces of sail added to the foot of the bonnet on the Santa Maria to create more sail area.
Earring - Upper corners of the sail these are tied to the outer ends of the yard arms.
Ease Away - This means to play out some line but with control.
Eye - Closed loop of rope.
Fighting Top - A platform on top of the Santa Maria's main mast used to work on the top mast.
Fo´c´sle - Underneath the forecastle.
Foot of Sail - Bottom edge of the sail.
Fore Mast - Forward most mast of a square rigger.
Fore Sail - Square sail that works on the fore mast.
Forecastle - Raised forward deck of the ship.
Forward - Direction towards the bow.
Furl - To roll the sail snugly on the yard and secure it.
Gasket - Each of two yards attached to the end of a yard and are wound inward to secure a furled sail to the yard.
Grommet - Rope ring sewn into the sail.
Half Deck - Aft deck above the main deck.
Halyard - Line used to raise the yard.
Harness - Rope loop used to connect the tye to the yard.
Hatch - Large rectangular openings in the deck used to connect different levels of the ship.
Haul - This command is an order to pull on the line.
Hawsehole - Openings on the bow and stern of a vessel used for mooring lines and the anchor cablesto feed through.
Head of Sail - Top edge of a square sail.
Keel - Back bone of the ship running beneath the ship from fore to aft.
Kevel - A bitt or large cleat used for securing heavy lines.
Lanyard - Small line fixed on the shrouds that is threaded through the deadeyes to put tension on a shroud or stay.
Lateen - Aft rigged sail secured to a long yard and hoisted obliquely to our mizzen masts.
Lead Line - Line secured to a piece of lead marked at regular intervals to test the waters for depth.
Leech - Side edges of a square sail and the after edge of a lateen sail.
Leeward - Away from the source of the wind.
Lift - Lines used to control the angle of tilt of a yard.
Line - A rope or cable used on board a ship.
Loose - To unfurl a sail.
Luff - Come close to the wind or the edge of a lateen sail along the yard.
Main Deck - The principal deck of a ship (usually the highest complete deck.)
Main Mast - The largest mast located roughly amidship.
Marrying Lines - When lowering a yard the lines of the halyard between the blocks are gripped tightly and twisted to prevent their slipping.
Martnet - Used to clew up the sail.
Mizzen mast - Short mast at the stern of the ship for the lateen sail.
Mizzen yard - The angled yard of the Mizzen sail.
Mooring - The act of docking the ship when in port or the lines used for this.
Parrel - String of rolling beads around the mast connected to the middle of a yard.
Port - Left side of the ship when looking fore from the stern.
Roband - Lines used to secure the sail to the yards.
Rudder - Large wooden plane attached vertically to the stern of the ship to cause the ship to change course when needed.
Sails - Flexible vertical airfoils using wind pressure and vacuum to propel a sailboat.
Scuppers - Slits in the cap rail at deck level so that water can be sloughed off the main deck as it accumulates.
Seam - Space between two planks or the stitching holding two pieces of cloth together.
Sheet - Lines leading aft from the clew of a square sail or to the boomkin from the clew of a lateen sail.
Spritsail - Small square sail hanging under the bowsprit.
Stand By - Prepatory order to get ready to perform a task.
Square Sail - A four sided sail.
Starboard - Right side of the ship when looking fore from the stern.
Stays - Lines used to secure the mast from fore and aft.
Stern - The rear of the ship where the rudder is located.
Sterncastle - Partial rear deck raised above the half deck.
Tack - Change ships direction by turning into the wind.
Tack - Line leading fore from the clew of a square sail or from the inboard end of the mizzen yard so as to fix the mizzen yard's position.
Tiller - Steering handle attached to the rudder.
Tye - Line connecting the harness of a yard to a halyard.
Wear - Change ships direction by turning away from the wind and looping back around to a new course. (Easiest way to change course)
Windward - Towards the source of the wind.
Yard - A slender rod or spar tapering towards the ends fastened at right angles across a mast to support a sail.
Yard Arm - Ends of the yard.
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